![]() ![]() Towards the Circular Economy: Economic and Business Rationale for an Accelerated Transition (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013).Īllwood, J. 21, 651–661 (2017).Ĭlosing the Loop - an EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy COM/2015/0614 final (European Commission, 2015). Circular economy policies in China and Europe. Resource efficiency and the circular economy: concepts, economic benefits, barriers, and policies (University College London, 2018) Conceptualizing the circular economy: an analysis of 114 definitions. The circular economy – a new sustainability paradigm? J. Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. The results indicate that circular economy efforts should carefully consider the energy implications of recycling. We also show that additional recycling yields small or negative climate change mitigation benefits when it requires high-carbon grid electricity and displaces virgin pulping that is powered by low-carbon pulping by-products. ![]() We show that emission pathways consistent with a 2 ☌ global warming target require strong reductions in the carbon intensity of electricity and heat generation. We model material use, energy use and emissions up to 2050 for various levels of waste recycling and recovery. Here, we focus on the global paper life cycle, which generates 1.3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, and estimate the climate change mitigation potential of circularity. However, for some materials, the potential environmental benefits of recycling are unclear or contested. Waste recycling is an important part of a circular economy. A circular economy is expected to achieve sustainability goals through efficient and circular use of materials.
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